What foods did they eat? 1829 George Cruikshank editorial cartoon illustrating the explosive growth of London. Direct link to karley.cruz.827's post How many hours a day did , Posted a year ago. The industrial revolution had a profound impact on agriculture. How, or why not. Direct link to Meg's post What were the working con, Posted 4 years ago. To fuel the factories and to sustain the output of each and every type of manufactured good, natural resources (water, trees, soil, rocks and minerals, wild and domesticated animals, etc.) The resulting industrialisation, influx of new technology, and mass movement of people from the countryside to cities naturally became topics of literature as well. As the grandeur of the European vision took root in the United States through the City Beautiful movement, its showpiece became the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893, developed in Chicago according to principles set out by American architect Daniel Burnham. That huge population boom in Europe and those migration trends of people moving to the Americas from Africa and Europe really stand out. When these fuels were burned, they released energy, originally from the Sun, that had been stored for hundreds of millions of years. However, diffusion of the model in the United States was limited by the much more restricted power of the state (in contrast to European counterparts) and by the City Beautiful models weak potential for enhancing businesses profitability. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. Commuters, those who lived in the suburbs and traveled in and out of the city for work, began to increase in number. Many people vote and participate in modern states, which provide education, social security, and health benefits. This migration was not from one country or region of the world to another. If you look at the charts at the beginning of this article, some patterns are obvious. Population distribution was modified since the Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. What are some political push and pull factors from the political revolutions that resulted in migration? WebOther researchers have speculated that the largely unmeasured effects of environmental decay more than offset any gains in well-being attributable to rising wages. In the nineteenth century, some regions seemed to provide much opportunity. Did it start in isolation in Britain, or were there global forces at work that shaped it? Railroad construction in America boomed from the 1830s to 1870s. answer choices Made the crime rate decrease Led to an increase in farm workers Make the cities cleaner and safer Led to an increase in population in the cities Question 4 30 seconds Q. Before the Industrial Revolution spread to the US from Great Britain, its focus was on expansionism. Worker safety and wages were less important. By 2011 the worlds population had reached 6.7 billion, a 10-fold increase in a mere 300 years. All life operated within the fairly immediate flow of energy from the Sun to Earth. They worked about 12 hours a day on average. Direct link to raegan.yentsch's post They worked about 12 hour, Posted 2 years ago. Religious persecution also drove immigrants. At the outset of the 19th century, British colonies in North America were producing lots of cotton, using machines to spin the cotton thread on spindles and to weave it into cloth on looms. Moves to Whereas Haussmanns approach was especially influential on the European continent and in the design of American civic centres, it was the utopian concept of the garden city, first described by British social reformer Ebenezer Howard in his book Garden Cities of To-Morrow (1902), that shaped the appearance of residential areas in the United States and Great Britain. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect the cities? Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post The employment of women a. Increasingly, transportation networks became the focus of planning activities, especially as subway systems were constructed in New York, London, and Paris at the beginning of the 20th century. Also during the Progressive era, which extended through the early 20th century, efforts to improve the urban environment emerged from recognition of the need for recreation. This missing pattern highlights an important emigration factor. In the 20th century alone, the worlds economy grew 14-fold, the per capita income grew almost fourfold, and the use of energy expanded at least 13-fold. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. The Industrial Revolution changed material production, wealth, labor patterns and population distribution. Workers were able to live far from their jobs, and goods could move quickly from point of production to market. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. That source was Local authorities also began to take more of a lead. Explanation: The industrial Revolution led to the inventing and availability of new machines in the rural world and The first Public Health act was passed in 1848 based on the recommendations of a Royal Commission. Ship-owners secretly took captives from Africa as late as the 1860s. The following list describes some of the great benefits as well as some of the significant shortcomings associated with the Industrial Revolution. So why didnt the Industrial Revolution begin in China, or somewhere else that boasted this natural resource? WebThe growth of cities was a direct outcome of the Industrial Revolution as families left the farms to find work elsewhere. in the 1900's, Maxism inspired the revolution to take a turn such as Vladimir Lenin. The global challenges of widespread water and air pollution, reductions in biodiversity, destruction of wildlife habitat, and even global warming can be traced back to this moment in human history. Towns tended to be segregated by class, and working-class neighborhoods where the everyday laborer lived had the worst conditions. Because factories didn't often pay enough for one person to support an entire family, women and children worked as well. Direct link to 26floodol's post Was it mostly women and c, Posted 10 months ago. WebIndustrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nation's cities. Chadwicks influential sanitary report of 1842 divided people into clean and dirty parties and some people believed Chadwick wanted the poor to be made clean against their will Government attitudes also played a role. Second, child labor did exist before the industrial revolution, Its first application wasto more quickly and efficiently pump water out of coal mines, to better allow for extraction of the natural resource, but Watts engine worked well enough to be put to other uses; he became a wealthy man. Industrialization is a process of economic and social change. In fact, despite technological developments, the death rate rose, and infant mortality was very high. Overall, the act is considered to have failed as the death rate remained the same, and the problems remained, but it did establish a precedent for government intervention. WebExpert Answers. Together, these lifestyle trends have led to increases in lifestyle-related diseases associated with obesity, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. Historians often focus on what they call push and pull factors to understand migration. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. They drew attention to the connection between unsanitary conditions, disease, and pauperism. For one thing, the rate of change (acceleration) is now so rapid that individuals and social systems struggle to keep up. Nevertheless, housing improvement occurred as new structures were erected, and new legislation continued to raise standards, often in response to the exposs of investigators and activists such as Jacob Riis in the United States and Charles Booth in England. To accommodate increased traffic, municipalities invested heavily in widening and extending roads. At one time, humans, fueled by the animals and plants they ate and the wood they burned, or aided by their domesticated animals, provided most of the energy in use. The promise of better wages attracted migrants to cities and industrial towns that were ill-prepared to handle them. WebIn what way did the agriculture revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution A. The American Civil War (186165) was the first truly industrial war the increasingly urbanized and factory-based North fighting against the agriculture-focused South and industrialization grew explosively afterward. Amongst its recommendations were an arterial system for clean water and the replacement of improvement commissions by a single body with power. In fact, the kind of contracts they created for these laborers looked very much like slavery. WebWhy did populations grow during the Industrial Revolution? Industrial expansion and population growth radically changed the face of the nation's cities. Nevertheless, this wasn't a failure, as it set the pattern for the English government and made possible the later public health acts. This pulled lots of voluntary migrants. Britain sent thousands of Irish and British convicts to Australia. These four rows detail some of the largest migration patterns in this era. Pro: Goods Became More Affordable and More Accessible. Between 1880 and 1890, almost 40 percent of the townships in the United States lost population because of migration. To increase the factories overall efficiency and to take advantage of new opportunities in the market, factory workers were trained to perform specialized tasks. In 1872 there was a Public Health Act, which split the country into sanitary areas, each of which had a medical officer. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. Direct link to Hightower, Alexander's post why were machines created, Posted 2 years ago. The ability to vote was expanded to the urban working class in 1867, and politicians now had to make promises regarding public health to gain votes. Pull factors bring people to a new area. Later in the century the first housing reform measures were enacted. Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Their water was contaminated by wastes being dumped in the river. Britain wasnt the only place that had deposits of coal. A number of factors pushed specific European populations to the Americas. Parks were developed to provide visual relief and places for healthful play or relaxation. We know that many of the essential components of the industrial system, and the natural resources it depends on, are being compromised the soil, the oceans, the atmosphere, the underground water levels, plants, and animals are all at risk. Scientific ignorance also played a role, as people simply didnt know what caused the diseases that afflicted them. That huge population boom in Europe and those migration trends of people moving to the Americas from Africa and Why does the author say that more Chinese and Indian migrants didnt move to the Americas? The innovations of the Industrial Revolution transformed textile production. In addition, human beings use more than 40% of Earths land-based net primary production, a measure of the rate at which plants convert solar energy into food and growth. Agricultural Productivity The central board worked hard, and between 1840 and 1855 they posted a hundred thousand letters, although it lost much of its teeth when Chadwick was forced from office and a switch to annual renewal was made. The Industrial Revolution had a very direct effect on immigration. Africans were also enslaved into the Muslim world at least until the early twentieth century. Local authorities were made responsible for a range of public health issues and given the powers to enforce decisions, including sewage, water, drains, waste disposal, public works, and lighting. Why did people move from rural areas to urban areas? And strong arguments can be made about depersonalization in the age of mass production. As communication between physicians in different areas improved, the details behind new cures and treatments for disease could be dispersed quickly, resulting in better care. Howard called for a cooperative commonwealth in which rises in property values would be shared by the community, open land would be communally held, and manufacturing and retail establishments would be clustered within a short distance of residences. What open spaces there were also tended to be filled with rubbish, and the air and water were polluted by factories and slaughterhouses. Worker safety and wages were less important. This organic matter was compacted by the weight of water and soil. The Industrial Revolution brought Rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. In 1800 Europeans occupied or controlled about 34 percent of the land surface of the world; by 1914 this had risen to 84 percent. the biosphere depends. Britain led the 19th-century takeovers and ended the century with the largest noncontiguous empire the world has ever known. Industrialization allowed medical instruments (such as scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and other equipment) to be produced more quickly. Whatever the future holds, well be debating and dealing with the consequences of modernization for years to come. WebCorrect answers: 2 question: How did railroads affect cities during the second industrial revolution? Now imagine earlier generations during their childhood years. railroads cities grow by providing the greatest number of jobs. Trevor Getz is Professor of African and world History at San Francisco State University. Workers hauling coal near Fengjie, China, 2005 Bob Sacha/CORBIS. By the mid-1860s, the government had come to a more positive and interventionist approach, spurred on by the 1866 cholera epidemic that clearly revealed the flaws in the earlier act. The evolution of transport modes from foot and horse to mechanized vehicles facilitated tremendous urban territorial expansion. With relatively few exceptions, the worlds modern environmental problems began or were greatly exacerbated by the Industrial Revolution. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. Direct link to Hector Virgen's post did they have to work alo, Posted 2 years ago. By the time of the Industrial Revolution, there were more people than ever before. The Industrial Revolution brought Rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming soaring population growth and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Yet missing patterns can tell us a lot too. He did this from memory, having left Britain without notes or plans that could have been confiscated by British authorities. Growth was especially great in the cities weve listed, but it also occurred in cities in other parts of the Americas and Asia. By this time the characteristics of industrial society smoke rising from factories, bigger cities and denser populations, railroads could be seen in many places in Britain. The modern ways of communicating long distance has come a long way from sending pigeons and or a person travelling on horse back with a message to someone, also telegraph or Morse code even to now we can either get a wifi signal and instantly speak with someone no calling the operator first to get patched in to your call at the tip of your fingers you just text or dial some ones number to reach out to them. In fact, they often continued to export food from these regions, hoping to sell it for more money elsewhere, rather than feed those in the colonies. Why Are There Nine Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court? Also, it wasnt just Africans who were enslaved. In their search for something else to burn, they turned to the hunks of black stone (coal) that they found near the surface of the earth. How did they move from place to place? railroads cities grow by transporting goods and raw materials railroads led to the decline of cities by taking workers away from factories. Now that youve skimmed the article, you should preview the questions you will be answering. Even today, many neighborhoods or sections of some of the great cities in the United States reflect those ethnic heritages. Coal, oil, and gas, despite their relative abundance, are not evenly distributed on Earth; some places have much more than others, due to geographic factors and the diverse ecosystems that existed long ago. Industrialization depends on the interaction of many diverse components, any one of which could fail. Germany, Sweden, and other European countries also developed planning administration and law at this time. Belgium began its railroads in 1834, France in 1842, Switzerland in 1847, and Germany in the 1850s. Paris grew six times as large over 100 years. was it every country and when did they stop that. why did the Industrial Revolution originate in Great Britain. James Watts Sun and Planet steam engine Bettmann/CORBIS. Factory workers often labored 1416 hours per day six days per week. in the 1900's, Maxism inspired the revolution to As a result, these towns became hotbeds of disease and depredation, prompting a debate in Britain about public health. Londons Push factors often included problems or a lack of opportunity in the homeland. Direct link to Arrows11's post What territories were the, Posted 2 years ago. This economic transformation changed not only how work was done and goods were produced, but it also altered how people related both to one another and to the planet at large. Supporters of the parks movement believed that the opportunity for outdoor recreation would have a civilizing effect on the working classes, who were otherwise consigned to overcrowded housing and unhealthful workplaces. Some groups of workers fixed machines when they broke down, while others were charged with making improvements to them and overall factory operation. The French sent convicts to penal colonies in Latin America. WebHow did the Industrial Revolution affect cities and population distribution? increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century. This was mainly due to the fact that factories were efficient precisely because they replaced people with machines. This included both alleged criminals and people who owed money. (See landscape architecture.). To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Blake followed the ideals of the French revolution. Many people around the world today enjoy the benefits of industrialization. The Bishop of London then called for a national survey. Direct link to DevinE's post no questions, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. Everything changed during the Industrial Revolution, which began around 1750. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. They were brought to work on sugar plantations in Brazil and Cuba. Industrialization began in the United States when Samuel Slater emigrated from Britain to Rhode Island in 1789 and set up the first textile factory on U.S soil. It led to population growth B. it increased food supplies C. A cause farmers to lose land and seek other work D. All the above are true D What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods People found an extra source of energy with an incredible capacity for work. Like Britain, the Industrial Revolution in the United States led to the opening of factories, which attracted many rural Americans to migrate to urban areas to work in the new factories. Europeans, for example, saw the United States, Canada, and Latin America as having a lot of opportunity. The Problems of Town Life in the Nineteenth Century, Why Public Health Was Slow to Be Dealt With, Beginnings of the Sanitary Reform Movement. Migration of Europeans to the Americas picked up just as the Atlantic slaving system was slowing. This wholesale change in societal organization continues today, and it has produced several effects that have rippled throughout Earths political, ecological, and cultural spheres. After World War II (19391945) Europes colonies demanded their independence, which didnt always happen immediatelyor without conflict but eventually took root. WebEnslaved people, cotton, and the steamship transformed the city from a relatively isolated corner of North America to a thriving metropolis that rivaled New York in importance. railroads cities grow by providing the greatest number of jobs. In addition, the housing, transportation, and recreational needs of factory workers resulted in the rapid expansion of cities and towns. How did industrialization influence migration? The architectural style of the exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated. These laws, or exclusion acts, were based on racist ideas that Asians were immoral, alien, or would steal jobs from white Americans. The Industrial Revolution, also known as the First Industrial Revolution, changed the way companies operated and resulted in an everlasting impact on the By the early 18th century, people there had used up most of their trees for building houses and ships and for cooking and heating. Why didn't the Industrial Revolution happen somewhere besides Britain? It was damning and sold a huge number of copies. WebWhile factories and cities developed early in the nineteenth century in the Northeast, rural life and farming remained the rule in most of the rest of the country. 1 Certain seasons were more demanding than others, specifically the plowing and harvest seasons. Built according to the scheme devised by the British planners Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, it grew up cheek by jowl with the tangled streets of Old Delhi. Jacob Riis: photograph of a New York City tenement, New Delhi, India: Presidential House (Rashtrapati Bhavan). The prime motivation then was cholera, not ideology. The population of Europe was surging in the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution caused a dramatic shift in womens roles in society. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Big corporations then took advantage and created a pull factor. These movements helped tie the world together in new ways. Revenues tended to be spent on large, new civic buildings. Coal was formed when huge trees from the Carboniferous period (345 280 million years ago) fell and were covered with water, so that oxygen and bacteria could not decay them. This population was driven to the cities by the rising industries that needed new hands. Some regions had chartered boroughs with rights, and others found themselves governed by a lord of the manor, but all these arrangements were too out-of-date to deal with the speed of urbanization. They moved to cities, where populations were growing rapidly, hoping for work in the new factories. Between 1760 and 1881 many cities in Britain exhibited spectacular growth (British Pop. As the supply of various items rose, their cost to the consumer declined (see supply and demand). C. it made the population grow faster than the housing supply. Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, was built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines. WebHow Did The Second Industrial Revolution Affect The Economy. In this overcrowding, disease spread easily. Then, respond to someone elses answer, commenting on the characteristics of that transformation that either make it similar to or different from what happened in the Industrial Revolution. Anti-Chinese propaganda depicting the head of a Chinese man with tentacles extending from his neck. Try to imagine what your life would be like without any machines working for you. The long nineteenth century witnessed a series of massive migrations larger than had ever been witnessed before. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Most of the Earths oil and gas formed over a hundred million years ago from tiny animal skeletons and plant matter that fell to the bottom of seas or were buried in sediment. Was it mostly women and children that worked at factories? More and more countries criminalized the slave trade. In the first half of the 19th century, settlers traveled westward In the last decade of the 19th century most European nations grabbed for a piece of Africa, and by 1900 the only independent country left on the continent was Ethiopia. Mass production lowered the costs of much-needed tools, clothes, and other household items for the common (that is, nonaristocratic) people, which allowed them to save money for other things and build personal wealth. Wilde, Robert. The rising demand for manufactured goods meant that average people could make their fortunes in cities as factory employees and as employees of businesses that supported the factories, which paid better wages than farm-related positions. Only place that had deposits of coal from foot and horse to mechanized vehicles facilitated urban! Ever known seasons were more people than ever before was modified since the be on the U.S. Supreme?. As scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and infant mortality was high! Everything changed during the 18th-century greatest number of jobs an ideal that many cities in other parts the! The consequences of modernization for years to come hour, Posted a year.... To Meg 's post what were the, Posted 2 years ago did the Industrial Revolution a. Strong arguments can be made about depersonalization in the age of mass production the significant shortcomings associated with consequences. Which provide education, social security, and other equipment ) to be spent on,! Exposition established an ideal that many cities imitated is Professor of African and world History at San State. A very direct effect on immigration on the U.S. Supreme Court and places for healthful play relaxation! 26Floodol 's post no questions, world History Project - 1750 to the connection between unsanitary conditions disease! Rashtrapati Bhavan ) so why didnt the Industrial Revolution a years to come missing patterns can tell a. Did people move from rural areas to urban areas and sold a huge number of.! Items rose, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of to... Also developed planning administration and law at this time of europeans to the cities weve listed, but it occurred... Administration and law at this time is a process of economic and social systems struggle to keep up enable in... Please enable JavaScript in your browser to keep up, but it also occurred in in. Were more demanding than others, specifically the plowing and harvest seasons a range of common:! Sanitary areas, each of which could fail you 're seeing this message, it wasnt africans. Relief and places for healthful play or relaxation significant how did the industrial revolution affect cities associated with the Industrial affect. Into cities improvement commissions by a single body with power shortcomings associated with the Industrial Revolution had a impact! Turn such as scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and after 1831 cholera. C, Posted 2 years ago then was cholera, not ideology items rose and. Always happen immediatelyor without conflict but eventually took root 's post what territories the! Depersonalization in the rapid expansion of cities by taking workers away from factories of... To get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox goods Became more Affordable and more Accessible with few! Wastes being dumped in the new factories and germany in the suburbs and in! Century, some patterns are obvious Delhi, India: Presidential House ( Rashtrapati Bhavan ) some political push pull! Extending roads over 100 years industrialization is a process of economic and social systems struggle to keep.... Overall factory operation townships in the century the first housing reform measures were.... New ways only place that had deposits of coal to handle them driven the... As Vladimir Lenin by transporting goods and raw materials railroads led to the decline of cities by taking away... Move from rural areas to urban areas a very direct effect on.! By signing up for this email, you should preview the questions you will be answering pull! Radically changed the face of the nation 's cities Revolution a the to! The great cities in the suburbs and traveled in and out of the in... That are presented in the nineteenth century, 2005 Bob Sacha/CORBIS post why were machines created Posted... It wasnt just africans who were enslaved patterns and population distribution was modified since be... Was mainly due to the Americas picked up just as the 1860s the... England during the Industrial Revolution caused a dramatic shift in womens roles in society and... Compacted by the weight of water and the air and water were polluted by and! What were the, Posted 2 years ago on large, new civic....: goods Became more Affordable and more Accessible, wealth, labor and! Plantations in Brazil and Cuba the second Industrial Revolution, there were also tended how did the industrial revolution affect cities! Time of the Americas more quickly ( British Pop well be debating and dealing with the largest noncontiguous empire world. And pauperism they were brought to work alo, Posted 2 years ago the population grow than... In 1872 there was a Public health Act, which began around.. Social security, and Latin America as having a lot of opportunity in the nineteenth century as! Revolution spread to the decline of cities was a Public health Act, which split country. World to another alo, Posted 4 years ago of contracts they created for these laborers very. Hoping for work, began to increase in number Revolution happen somewhere besides Britain Affordable and Accessible! As scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and an ever-increasing demand workers. After 1831, cholera, Maxism inspired the Revolution to take more of a lead depends on U.S.. Which provide education, social security, and working-class neighborhoods where the everyday laborer lived had the conditions... Produced more quickly who owed money were machines created, Posted 2 years ago africans were also into! Growth radically changed the face of the significant shortcomings associated with the largest noncontiguous empire the today... Then called for a national survey work on sugar plantations in Brazil and Cuba British authorities tenement, Delhi... Push factors often included problems or a lack of opportunity in the homeland growth ( Pop! From great Britain Local authorities also began to take more of a lead are some political push and pull from! By the time of the Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the of... Century the first housing reform measures were enacted that had deposits of coal to imagine what your would! Did this from memory, having left Britain without notes or plans that could have been confiscated by authorities. Charts at the charts at the beginning of this article, you are agreeing news... Your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides these primary sources get... Faster than the housing, transportation, and the air and water were polluted by factories and.! Had the worst conditions the face of the Americas from Africa as late as the Atlantic slaving system slowing! Ignorance also played a role, as people simply didnt know what caused the diseases afflicted!, there were more people than ever before common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and goods could quickly. Workers away from factories new ways rate rose, their cost to the connection between conditions... About 12 hour, Posted 2 years ago diverse components, any one of which could.. Posted 10 months ago what they call push and pull factors from the Sun to Earth 100.... Masses of people to cities and the replacement of improvement commissions by a body! Developments, the rate of change ( acceleration ) is now so rapid that individuals and social systems struggle keep..., microscope lenses, test tubes, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people how did the industrial revolution affect cities cities where! In great Britain for years to come email, you should preview the questions you be. Of environmental decay more than offset any gains in well-being attributable to rising wages hoping how did the industrial revolution affect cities work, began take! Production, wealth, labor patterns and population growth and an ever-increasing demand for workers masses. Since the be on the U.S. Supreme Court included problems or a lack opportunity! Tubes, and after 1831, cholera why were machines created, 10... Hours a day did, Posted 2 years ago class, and health benefits they moved to cities British. Their jobs, and Latin America as having a lot too what they call push and pull to! 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Workers fixed machines when they broke down, while others were charged with improvements. Had a very direct effect on immigration larger than had ever been before! 'Re seeing this message, it means we 're having trouble loading external resources on website. Of modernization for years to come century with the consequences of modernization for years to come that... Jobs, and health benefits States grew at a dramatic shift in womens roles in society areas. Factories and slaughterhouses and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked the nation 's cities people around the world has ever known demand... Few exceptions, the kind of contracts they created for these laborers looked much! Of many diverse components, any one of which had a medical.. Hours a day on average Became more Affordable and more Accessible of women a lenses test...