Because of Egyptian overtures towards the Soviet Union, both the United Kingdom and the United States withdrew their pledge to financially support construction of the Aswan Dam. 13 June 1956: Suez Canal Zone was restored to Egyptian sovereignty, following British withdrawal of about 90,000 troops and years of negotiations. and Zenetos, A. Egyptian sources said every family wound up mourning a father, husband or son. [31] Since May 2015, it has been the Parisian office of the law firm Clifford Chance. The Suez Canal. As a condition of joining the commission, the khedive's right to 15 percent of the commissions from Suez Canal traffic was sold. #history pic.twitter.com/7diV3svyAF. After this conflict there were no changes in the distribution of territory, but the underlying tensions persisted. The project was called the New Suez Canal, as it allows ships to transit the canal in both directions simultaneously. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Before August 2015, the canal was too narrow for free two-way traffic, so ships had to pass in convoys and use bypasses. There is differing information on the exact amounts, This incident appears to have been the basis for a myth that the. One of the most prominent losers in the new order, as former middlemen, was the former spice trading center of Venice. [54] The Suez Canal Company (Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez) came into being on 15 December 1858. 31 October 1956 to 24 April 1957: the canal was blocked to shipping as a consequence of the Suez Crisis, a conflict that led to an Israeli, French, and British occupation of the canal zone. [64] After Suez, many of the participants headed for Cairo, and then to the Pyramids, where a new road had been built for the occasion. Its Past, Present, and Future (2nd ed.). The buyer was a French bank and the price was 22 million francs. MLB on tbs preview Tonight: MLB On tbs Leadoff, 9:30 PM ET; Giants at Dodgers, 10 PM ET. [109][107] Although part of the length of the canal is paralleled by an older narrower channel which can be used to bypass obstructions, this incident occurred south of that area, in a section of the canal where there is only one channel. in World Cargo News, 17. After Jacques Georges-Picot's arrival to the company in the 1940s, the board started to hire investment advisors, and by the late 1940s, the company had investments in Air France, Air Liquide, colonial sugar refineries, coal mining companies, railroad companies, electric companies, the African forest and agriculture Society, and the Lyonnaise de Madagascar. According to today's information from the shipping companies, the route from Singapore to Rotterdam through the Suez Canal will be shortened by 6,000 kilometres (3,700mi) and thus by nine days compared to the route around Africa. Glasgow, UK: John Horn, for Anchor Line. East and West of Suez the Suez Canal in History 18541956. Egypt made its final payments for the canal to the Suez Canal Company, and took over its full control in 1962. After curing for two months in wooden frames, they were lifted on to barges that dropped them into the sea. There is one shipping lane with passing areas in Ballah-Bypass near El Qantara and in the Great Bitter Lake. 1809: The findings of Lepre's survey, published in Description de lgypte, incorrectly reported an alleged 10-metre (32 feet 6 inches) difference in sea levels and a high cost, so the project was put on hold. Historically, the construction of the canal was preceded by cutting a small fresh-water canal called Sweet Water Canal from the Nile delta along Wadi Tumilat to the future canal, with a southern branch to Suez and a northern branch to Port Said. [178][179], The time saved in the 19th century for an assumed steamship trip to Bombay from Brindisi and Trieste was 37 days, from Genoa 32, from Marseille 31, from Bordeaux, Liverpool, London, Amsterdam and Hamburg 24 days. March 27, 2021, 6:07 AM PDT By Charlene Gubash and Adela Suliman CAIRO The owners of the skyscraper-size cargo ship that has been blocking Egypt's Suez Canal since Tuesday said they were. How Would It Have Impacted The Trade If It Persisted Longer? Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstrae (2018), p. 112. [110] The site was located at 300057N 323445E / 30.01574N 32.57918E / 30.01574; 32.57918. Lieutenant Waghorn established his "Overland Route", which transported post and passengers to India via Egypt.[52][53]. Projects in the zone are collectively described as the Suez Canal Area Development Project (SCADP). 2005: Gaz de France is floated on the stock market. Lord Palmerston, the project's most unwavering foe, confessed in the mid-1850s the real motive behind his opposition: that Britain's commercial and maritime relations would be overthrown by the opening of a new route, open to all nations, and thus deprive his country of its present exclusive advantages. [164], In August 2014, Egypt chose a consortium that includes the Egyptian army and global engineering firm Dar Al-Handasah to develop an international industrial and logistics hub in the Suez Canal area,[165] and began the construction of a new canal section from 60 to 95km (37 to 59mi) combined with expansion and deep digging of the other 37 kilometres (23mi) of the canal. By 1952, the company held four different reserves accounts: a statutory reserve of 430 million francs, a special reserve of 7 billion francs, a contingency fund of 1.72 billion francs, and a pension fund of 7.81 billion francs. Suez Canal, Arabic Qant al-Suways, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. At its founding, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was owned by French and Egyptian interests. The prince of Wales stayed in a chalet in Ismailia while in the region. [190], In recent years, the shrinking Arctic sea ice has made the Northern Sea Route feasible for commercial cargo ships between Europe and East Asia during a six-to-eight-week window in the summer months, shortening the voyage by thousands of kilometres compared to that through the Suez Canal. [11][12][13] Another canal, probably incorporating a portion of the first,[11][12] was constructed under the reign of Necho II, but the only fully functional canal was engineered and completed by Darius I. Suez canal: Japanese owner of stricken ship talks of plan to refloat it Seven gas tankers are diverted from blocked waterway as huge traffic jams build up on both sides 01:12 Efforts to. Feyrer, James. [76] French shareholders still held the majority. [98] Arab oil exporters, sympathetic to Egypt, pushed OPEC to raise the price of crude oil by around 17 percent and eventually imposed an embargo against the United States and other Israeli allies. p. 9. [87] Under the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, the UK retained control over the canal. The closure of the Suez Canal in 1967 for eight years confirmed the wisdom of Shell's decision to invest in super tankers. [12], Despite the construction challenges that could have been the result of the alleged difference in sea levels, the idea of finding a shorter route to the east remained alive. This was the only sea route before the canal was constructed, and when the canal was closed. Others can offload part of their cargo onto a canal-owned ship to reduce their draft, transit, and reload at the other end of the canal. COPENHAGEN : Maersk said on Monday it had filed a lawsuit against the owner and operator of container ship Ever Given, which blocked the Suez Canal for six days in 2021, claiming compensation for delays caused by the incident. Wilson, Arnold T. (1939). The British began to loudly decry the use of corve labor in 1862. [10], After Napoleon III's decree in Summer of 1864, the use of corve labor was restricted. Tawfiq was challenged for leadership during a nationalist uprising in 1880 by Colonel Ahmad Urabi. In the notification, Lesseps estimated an annual revenue of 30 million francs based on freight fees, and a construction period lasting 6 years. Globeleq, the leading independent power company in Africa, has signed a Framework Agreement with the General Authority for Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZONE), the Sovereign Fund of Egypt for Investment and Development (TSFE), the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), and the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC), to jointly develop a large-scale green hydrogen facility within . This was motivated by a desire to connect Constantinople to the pilgrimage and trade routes of the Indian Ocean, as well as by strategic concernsas the European presence in the Indian Ocean was growing, Ottoman mercantile and strategic interests were increasingly challenged, and the Sublime Porte was increasingly pressed to assert its position. According to the pre-agreed war plans under the Protocol of Svres, Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula on 29October, forcing Egypt to engage them militarily, and allowing the Anglo-French partnership to declare the resultant fighting a threat to stability in the Middle East and enter the war officially to separate the two forces but in reality to regain the Canal and bring down the Nasser government.[90][91][92]. The SCA has the right to determine the number of tugs required to assist warships traversing the canal, to achieve the highest degree of safety during transit. There were suggestions that the depth of parts of the canal at the time of the inauguration were not as great as promised, and that the deepest part of the channel was not always clear, leading to a risk of grounding. According to Herodotus, Darius's canal was wide enough that two triremes could pass each other with oars extended, and required four days to traverse. [64] Other international guests included the American natural historian H. W. Navigation in Suez Canal Rules of Navigation and Passage Procedures in Suez Canal. Harry G. Broadman "Afrikas Silk Road" (2007), p. 59. The company's profits rose greatly during the 1920s and 1930s. Among those goods, oil shipments were the most affected in the immediate aftermath, due to a significant number still blocked with no other way to reach their destination. The royal guests arrived the following morning: the Emperor Franz Joseph I, the French Empress Eugenie in the Imperial yacht L'Aigle, the Crown Prince of Prussia, and Prince Louis of Hesse. The revolt went on from 1879 to 1882. Saudi Arabia's flagship shipping line Bahri has signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding with the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) to establish an Egyptian joint-stock shipping company . Prior to that, hand digging was used to remove soil in the remaining 10 miles between Suez and the southern dam. Britain then called a ceasefire, and later agreed to withdraw its troops by the end of the year. Linant de Bellefonds, a French explorer of Egypt, became chief engineer of Egypt's Public Works. Canal service provider Leth Agencies said . Traffic through the canal began to fall in the early 1980s after petroleum pipelines eroded ship traffic business. President Gamal Abdel Nasser's. The Suez Canal, owned and operated for 87 years by the French and the British, was nationalized several times during its historyin 1875 and 1882 by Britain and in 1956 by Egypt, the last of which resulted in an invasion of the canal zone by Israel, France, and Read More In Egypt: The Nasser regime [12] However, parts of this canal still continued to fill in during the Nile's annual inundations.[11][12]. Compared with the later mechanised excavation, a low amount of material was excavated during this phase of construction. It took 10 yrs to finish. Work started on the shore of the future Port Said on 25 April 1859. The resulting change in biodiversity is without precedent in human memory and is accelerating: a long-term cross-Basin survey engaged by the Mediterranean Science Commission recently documented that in the first twenty years of this century more exotic fish species from the Indian Ocean had reached the Mediterranean than during the entire 20th century.[198]. Rocky terrain was cleared on the Serapeum ridge to the north of the lake for a lake filling ceremony witnessed by Ismail in early 1869. The British, who controlled both the Cape route and the Overland route to India and the Far East, favored the status quo, given that a canal might disrupt their commercial and maritime supremacy. Pipelines taking fresh water under the canal to. The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. The Suez Canal. The Suez Company operated the canal until Egypt's new president Gamal Abdel Nasser revoked its concession in 1956 and transferred canal operation to the state-owned Suez Canal Authority, precipitating the Suez Crisis. [202], The zone incorporates the four "Qualifying Industrial Zones" at Port Said, Ismailia and Suez, a 1996 American initiative to encourage economic ties between Israel and its neighbours.[203]. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. [21] This was dated to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt by extrapolating the dates of ancient sites along its course. p.4. [104], In 2014, months after taking office as President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ordered the expansion of the Ballah Bypass from 61 metres (200ft) wide to 312 metres (1,024ft) wide for 35 kilometres (22mi). Egypt did so despite UN Security Council resolutions from 1949 and 1951 urging it not to, claiming that hostilities had ended with the 1949 armistice agreement. Its length is . The successful 1488 navigation of southern Africa by Bartolomeu Dias opened a direct maritime trading route to India and the Spice Islands, and forever changed the balance of Mediterranean trade. The Suez Canal was later nationalized by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956, leading to the Suez crisis. Herodotus was told that 120,000 men perished in this undertaking, but this figure is doubtless exaggerated. After surveys and analyses in Egypt and discussions in Paris on various aspects of the canal, where many of Negrelli's ideas prevailed, the commission produced a unanimous report in December 1856 containing a detailed description of the canal complete with plans and profiles. This side channel, at the northern side of the east extension of the Suez Canal, serves the East Terminal for berthing and unberthing vessels from the terminal. The owner of the Suez canal container ship said he hopes the huge vessel will be freed soon and apologized for the 'tremendous trouble' caused Sophia Ankel 2021-03-27T10:16:02Z [11][12][13] One smaller canal is believed to have been constructed under the auspices of Senusret II[14] or Ramesses II. Galil, B.S. [29] King Farouk of the Muhammad Ali line was overthrown in a military coup in 1952 and Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser eventually emerged as the leader of Egypt. In general, the water in the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The company was a partner in the Compagnie Universelle du Canal de Suez, whose vice-president was the Lloyd co-founder Pasquale Revoltella. Lesseps declared the company as being officially formed on 15 December 1858. As a result, liner services between Asia and Europe save 44 percent CO2 (carbon dioxide) thanks to this shorter route. Britain, however, feared that a canal open to everyone might interfere with its India trade and therefore preferred a connection by train from Alexandria via Cairo to Suez, which Stephenson eventually built. Chalouf[35] or Shaloof[18]), located just south of the Great Bitter Lake,[12][18] had become so blocked[11] with silt[12] that Darius needed to clear it out so as to allow navigation[12] once again. [12][26][27][28][29], According to the Histories of the Greek historian Herodotus,[30] about BC 600, Necho II undertook to dig a westeast canal through the Wadi Tumilat between Bubastis and Heroopolis,[12] and perhaps continued it to the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea. The Suez Canal was financed by the Suez Canal Company, a joint-stock company headquartered in Paris. When the incident began, many economists and trade experts commented on the effects of the obstruction if not resolved quickly, citing how important the Suez was to global trade; the incident was likely to drastically affect the global economy because of the trapped goods scheduled to go through the canal. [40] (Modern historians, however, maintain that her ships were burned by the enemy forces of Malichus I. [13], In 1867, the company began to develop its fee structure in preparation for opening. According to the Suez Canal Authoritys (SCA) circular, the hikes were made in line with the significant growth in global trade, the improvement of ships' economics. The Egyptian waterway seems to be reaping the benefits of the tariffs, while shipowners are feeling the pinch. [20], In the 20th century, the northward extension of the later Darius I canal was discovered, extending from Lake Timsah to the Ballah Lakes. SUEZ, Egypt (AP) The company that owns the giant container ship stuck sideways across the Suez Canal said an attempt will be made to refloat the vessel by taking advantage of tidal movements later Saturday. The canal's 24-hour capacity was about 76 standard ships. According to Herodotus, work on the project was "stayed by a prophetic utterance that he [Necho] was toiling beforehand for the barbarian. 10 June 1975: The Suez Canal is re-opened for first time since the Arab-Israeli 1967 war. Franois Philippe Voisin became chief engineer in January 1861 and Hardon's contract expired at the end of 1862. Said purchased the remaining unbought shares (for a total of 177,000 shares) in order to ensure that the company reached its necessary capitalization amount (to become a legal entity as defined in the 1856 concession). This company was to be called the Universal Company of the Maritime Canal of Suez. Air photograph taken by Swiss pilot and photographer Walter Mittelholzer. It was owned by a French company and the ruler of Egypt before the Egyptian stake was bought up by the British. Suez Canal in February 1934. It is very loosely based on events surrounding the construction, between 1859 and 1869, of the Suez Canal, Israel protested Nasser's order to close the Straits of Tiran to Israeli trade on 21 May, the same year. [86] The Hercules dredged deposits of granite and limestone, but it was determined at the end of the trial that the Hercules would not be used for the dredging of the Suez Canal. Again, mining and land rights were included along with generous tax exemptions. December 2019. These members included Franois Barthlemy Arls-Dufour, Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds, Richard Cobden, Barthlemy Prosper Enfantin, Benot Fould, Lesseps and several members of his family, Eugne Mougel, Ruyssenaers (Dutch Consul General in Egypt), M. Sabatier (French Consul General), Sa'id of Egypt and multiple members of his family, Paulin Talabot and his brother Edmond, and members of the chambers of commerce of Lyon and Venice.[5]. Originally, the project was owned 52-44 owned by the French and the then ruler of Egypt, Said Pasha, but six years later Egypt, in. Many trade flows were also shifted away from the Mediterranean ports towards Northern European terminals, such as Hamburg and Rotterdam. Wilson, Arnold T. 1939. The Egyptian government has since announced that it will be widening the narrower parts of the canal. By 1866 there were about 8,000 Europeans and 10,000 Arab and Egyptians that had settled in the canal region. [97], On 6 October 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, the canal was the scene of the Operation Badr, in which the Egyptian military crossed the Suez Canal into Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula. International activities now . He said that the remaining 175 freighters waiting to pass through the canal would all pass by 2 April.[121]. The low speed helps prevent erosion of the banks by ships' wakes. [33] In 2006, a museum dedicated to the Suez Canal history was created in the former board room, on the initiative of the heritage nonprofit Association du Souvenir de Ferdinand de Lesseps et du Canal de Suez. Venetian leaders, driven to desperation, contemplated digging a waterway between the Red Sea and the Nile anticipating the Suez Canal by almost 400 years to bring the luxury trade flooding to their doors again. [4], The canal was the property of the Egyptian government, but European shareholders, mostly British and French, owned the concessionary company which operated it until July 1956, when President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised itan event which led to the Suez Crisis of OctoberNovember 1956. [15], Two dams prevented the filling of the Great Bitter Lake and thus the completion of the canal, one to the north and one to the south. [96], Unwilling to allow the Israelis to use the canal, Egypt immediately imposed a blockade which closed the canal to all shipping immediately after the beginning of the Six-Day War. Lesseps pushed ahead without formal British or Ottoman approval. I ordered to dig this canal from the river that is called Nile and flows in Egypt, to the sea that begins in Persia. These extensions were formally opened on 6 August 2015 by President Al-Sisi. December 2019. According to polar climate researchers, as the extent of the Arctic summer ice pack recedes the route will become passable without the help of icebreakers for a greater period each summer. [161] Initially, French investors held half of the Company's stock, with Egypt's ruler Sa'id Pasha holding most of the balance. Strabo wrote that Sesostris started to build a canal, and Pliny the Elder (AD 23/2479)wrote: 165. In 2021, the SCA's revenue rose 12.5 percent YoY to a record $6.3 billion. The empress Eugnie and Ismail were a major attraction. This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 16:26. Sisi declared the expanded channel open to business in a ceremony on 6 August 2015.[5]. Harkness. Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions read:[36], King Darius says: I am a Persian; setting out from Persia I conquered Egypt. De Lesseps had used his friendly relationship with Sa'id, which he had developed while he was a French diplomat in the 1830s. . [8], Said died in mid-January 1863, and in late-January, just before Ismail began the process of establishing himself as the new viceroy of Egypt by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Aziz, Ismail declared that he was establishing reforms in the ways of the creation of a civil service list and the abolishment of corve labor. [48][50], Later, Napoleon, who became the French Emperor in 1804, contemplated the construction of a northsouth canal to connect the Mediterranean with the Red Sea. Pudney, John. (This ancient, second canal may have followed a course along the shoreline of the Red Sea when it once extended north to Lake Timsah.[18][39]). [105][106] The project cost more than LE 59.4 billion (US$9 billion) and was completed within a year. Shipping companies were also considering whether to divert their ships along the much longer route around the Cape of Good Hope. Oxford Clarendon Press. The Ottoman Empire, although neutral to the idea, were greatly under the influence of the British at that time. A railway on the west bank runs parallel to the canal for its entire length. The Ever Given, owned by Japanese firm Shoei Kisen KK, got wedged Tuesday in a single-lane stretch of the . [32], Following the Suez Company's merger with Lyonnaise des eaux, it was sold to the real estate arm of General Electric and renovated in the early 2000s. [33] It may be that by Darius's time a natural[12] waterway passage which had existed[11] between the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea[34] in the vicinity of the Egyptian town of Shaluf[12] (alt. A salvage company, working to free the Ever Given, says the operation could take weeks The Japanese owner of the giant cargo ship that has been blocking Egypt's Suez Canal since Tuesday has . Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux changes its name to SUEZ. By 1867 and 1868 the total population in the canal region would grow to 26,000 and 34,000, respectively. Bourdaloue's survey of the isthmus was the first generally accepted evidence that there was no practical difference in altitude between the two seas. The problem was referred during 1864 to the arbitration of Napoleon III. They included ports and their facilities as well as housing for employees segregated by race or nationality. Two hundred years after the construction of Ptolemy's canal, Cleopatra seems to have had no westeast waterway passage,[11][12] because the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, which fed Ptolemy's westeast canal, had by that time dwindled, being choked with silt. Illustration of the inauguration, by douard Riou in 1869, Approximately 500 ships carrying around 400,000 tons made passage through the canal in 1870, which was much less than the 5 million tons projected in 1867. It acquired control of the Socit Gnrale de Belgique in 1988, and changed name again to Compagnie de Suez in 1990. 2021. Ismail authorised Boghos Nubar Nubarian to negotiate on behalf of Egypt, and Nubar in turn allied with Emile Ollivier and Morny against Lesseps and the company. 1911. After the incident, the Egyptian government announced that they would be widening the narrower parts of the canal. And most of that work was done between 1867 and 1869. Following the Suez crisis, the Suez Company reinvented itself as a diversified investment firm. Involuntary labour on the project ceased, and the viceroy condemned the corve, halting the project. And starting May 1, 2022, these rates are set to be revised again, which could result in an increase of up to 20 percent for many types of vessels. [78], The European Mediterranean countries in particular benefited economically from the Suez Canal, as they now had much faster connections to Asia and East Africa than the North and West European maritime trading nations such as Great Britain, the Netherlands or Germany. (F. Briand Ed.) [15], The legendary Sesostris (likely either Pharaoh Senusret II or Senusret III of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt[14][15]) may have constructed the ancient canal, the Canal of the Pharaohs, joining the Nile with the Red Sea (BC 18971839), when an irrigation channel was constructed around BC 1848 that was navigable during the flood season, leading into a dry river valley east of the Nile River Delta named Wadi Tumilat. The construction of the canal was one of the reasons for the Panic of 1873 in Great Britain, because goods from the Far East had, until then, been carried in sailing vessels around the Cape of Good Hope and stored in British warehouses. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was formed and given the right to begin construction of the canal and operate it for 99 years, when the Egyptian government would take over control. An inability to pay his bank debts led Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, in 1875 to sell his 44% share in the canal for 4,000,000 ($19.2 million), equivalent to 432 million to 456 million ($540 million to $570 million) in 2019, to the government of the United Kingdom. After the company became defunct in the late 1990s, the canal was generating $2 billion a year in revenue for Egypt.[30]. This is in addition to a 6 percent tariff hike for most types of vessels, implemented on Feb. 1 2022. Who owns the Suez Canal? The original concession assembled by Lesseps and granted by Said in 1854 included the following stipulations: 10 percent of the annual profits were reserved for the founders, 15 percent of the annual profits were reserved for the Government of Egypt, and 75 percent of the annual profits were reserved for shareholders. [31] The Suez Company was long known colloquially as the "old lady of the rue d'Astorg" (French: la vieille dame de la rue d'Astorg) with reference to its headquarters address. The canal reported 1,776 transits in Jan. 2022, marking a decline of 35 percent from the previous month but a 183-percent increase year-over-year (YoY). The British assigned more than 100,000 troops to the canal during the first world war. Its headquarters are in Luzhu District, Taoyuan City, in Taiwan. Mary Pelletier "A brief history of the Suez Canal" In: Apollo 3 July 2018. [77] Local unrest caused the British to invade in 1882 and take full control, although nominally Egypt remained part of the Ottoman Empire. ", "Why the blockage of the Suez Canal matters for oil prices", "How That Massive Container Ship Stuck in the Suez Canal Is Already Costing the World Billions of Dollars", "Suez Canal: Ships stuck in 'traffic jam' as salvage efforts continue", "Giant Vessel Is Now Afloat, Inchcape Says: Suez Update", "With the Suez Canal Unblocked, the World's Commerce Resumes Its Course", "Chairman of the Suez Canal Authority: The damage caused by the blockage may reach 1 billion US dollars News Update", "Plans for Suez Canal to be widened after Ever Given cargo ship drama", "Ship Briefly Stranded in Suez Canal Before Being Freed", "A brief history of the Suez Canal how deep it is and more", "BBC History British History in depth: The Suez Crisis", "17 November 1869: Opening of the Suez Canal", "Suez crisis and Louis-S.-St-Laurent Louis S. St. Laurent National Historic Site", "Suez Canal Snarled by Giant Ship Choking Key Trade Route", "OOCL Megaship Runs Aground in Suez Canal", "Suez Canal: Owner of cargo ship blocking waterway apologises", "Cargo ship blocking Suez Canal could take weeks to move", "Suez Canal blocked by stranded Evergreen boxship", "Suez Canal could be blocked for weeks, with $10B in shipping traffic per day disrupted: reports", "Suez Canal Live Updates: The Ever Given Is Free, Clearing Way for Traffic to Resume", "Navigation Circular "The New Suez Canal" No 5/2015", "Egypt announced the widening of the Suez Canal, expected to be completed within two years News Update", "Egypt awards Suez hub project to consortium that includes army: sources", "BV classes EL-NASR floating bridge across Suez Canal", "Salt-Corroded Tunnel Undergoes Major Renovation", "President Al Sisi inaugurated mega development projects in Central Sinai and Ismailia| The Arab Contractors", "Wie der Suezkanal in 150 Jahren die Welt verndert hat (German: How the Suez Canal changed the world in 150 years)", "DW documentary examines China's grip on Europe", "New Silk Road: Everything that belongs to the mega project (German)", Arab countries meet to tackle Somali pirate threat, "The Final Frontier: The Northern Sea Route", "German vessels ready for the Northern Sea Route", "Iisrael ehitab Vahemere ja Punase mere vahele raudtee(Israel is building a railway between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea", "Millions squandered on unrealistic projects", Essay about the phenomenon of Lessepsian Migration, "Egypt aims to attract $30 bln in investment in Suez Canal Zone within 5 years: Investment minister", Suez Canal Container Terminal at Port Said, Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law, American Society of Civil Engineers Suez Canal. 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